Abstract:
© 2019 Izdatel'stvo Nauka. All rights reserved. The article provide insight on the phenomenon of sociobiotechnical systems (SBT-systems) - the open systems of nonlinear ties and interactions that possess the internal 'asymmetry' because the 'the human factor' plays a key role in them. The emergence of SBT-systems is inseparably connected with the formation of a human civilization, and the process of globalization as a result of the former is by its nature includes the process of formation of a single sociobiotechnical system in planetary scale. Interactions of 'technical', 'natural' and 'social' dimensions need to consider as processes of metabolic transformation. We understand all types of SBT systems, regardless of their scale, as conflict, contradictory and internally risky by nature. The problems created by SBT systems have both ontological and epistemological character. The fruitful theoretic and methodological approaches vis-а-vis SBT systems include problem-oriented and interdisciplinary approaches, the methodological combination of 'top-down' and 'bottom-up' approaches, an emphasis on a study of metabolic processes, recurrent development of critical situations and global risks, a phenomenon of 'space inversion', the relativity of concepts the 'subject' and the 'environment', and the network nature of SBT systems.
