Abstract:
© 2019, International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference. All rights reserved. Geodynamic processes, which play an important role in the formation of oil fields in the central regions of the Ural-Volga region, were also leading in creating conditions for their destruction. There were several stages of generation, migration, accumulation of oil and the destruction of its deposits, which determined the frequency of their formation and destruction. According to the results of the geochemical study of organic matter, the most ancient stages of the formation of hydrocarbon deposits are recorded in the pre-Paleozoic (Riphean) sediments. According to the ideas of ontogenesis of oil, geodynamic processes determined the following main factors of the formation of clusters of superviscous oil and natural bitumens in the Permian sediments of the Melekessky region of bitumen accumulation: genetic factor-determines the generation of hydrocarbons. The formation of Permian superviscous oil and natural bitumen is associated with the presence of oil deposits in the Devonian and Carboniferous sediments. The main strata with the source potential in the Devonian system are clay-carbonate of the domanicoid facies; geodynamic factor-characterizes the modern and paleostructural plans, migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons, the stages of formation of deposits; hydrogeological factor manifests itself in two aspects: during the formation of oil deposits-the initial migration of hydrocarbons is carried out as part of the aqueous phase; at the destruction of deposits-under the influence of infiltration waters saturated with oxygen and microorganisms, hypergenesis processes occur. As a result reduction of the of the oil (bitumen) hydrocarbon composition and, in general, an increase in the tar-asphaltene components. Thus, the development of oil is completed with bitumen formation. These processes, being characterized by an evolutionary orientation in their development, take place in stages. One of the factors determining the generation of hydrocarbons, the accumulation, conservation and destruction of their accumulations are tectonic movements of the Earth's crust.
