Psychometric Validation of the Indonesian Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Personality Traits Predict the Fear of COVID-19

Abstract

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health crisis that has generated fear and negative psychological consequences. The present study evaluated the validity and factor structure of Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) among a sample from the general Indonesian population. The English version of the FCV-19S was translated and back-translated into Indonesian language, followed by a pilot study. Using convenience sampling method, a total of 728 participants completed an online survey distributed on various social media platforms. The survey included the FCV-19S, personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The Indonesian FCV-19S had very good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega) and composite reliability (alpha = 0.88, omega =.86, composite reliability =.87). Maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test construct validity (χ2/df = 2.51, CFI =.984, SRMR =.028, PCLOSE =.15 >.05, RMSEA =.06, 90% CI [.03,.09]). As for criterion-related validity, the FCV-19S score positively correlated with the score on PHQ-9, GAD-7, negative affect, and neuroticism and negatively correlated with extraversion. Negative affect was identified as the most important predictor of the fear of COVID-19. Personality traits also predicted the fear of COVID-19. The findings provide evidence that the FCV-19S is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing fear generated by COVID-19 among a healthy Indonesian-speaking population.