EPR and magnetization studies of the manganites La<inf>0.7-x</inf>Eu<inf>x</inf>Sr<inf>0.3</inf>MnO<inf>3</inf> (x = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7) and La<inf>0.3</inf>Nd<inf>0.4</inf>Sr<inf>0.3</inf>MnO<inf>3</inf> at different temperatures: Conductivity due to hopping of small polarons

Abstract

Four Eu-Sr manganites, La0.7-xEuxSr0.3MnO3; x = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and one Nd-Sr manganite Nd0.4La0.3Sr0.3MnO3, were studied by EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) at 9.6 GHz at temperatures in the range 175 – 400 K. These studies were further supplemented by magnetization measurements. The positions and widths of the EPR lines of all the Eu-Sr manganite samples, containing Eu3+ ions, changed with temperature in a similar manner. The EPR data showed that these Eu-Sr manganites are ferromagnetic, whose magnetic transition temperature from the ferromagnetic to the paramagnetic state (TC) decreased gradually as the Eu content (x) increased, specifically from TC ~ 111 K (x = 0.5) to TC ~ 57 K (x = 0.7). Furthermore, in these samples the FMR (ferromagnetic resonance) lines appeared significantly above the respective TC, specifically, at 290 K (x = 0.4), 280 K (x = 0.5), 250 K (x = 0.6), together with the EPR lines. As for the sample with x = 0.7 no FMR lines were observed in the temperature range investigated here. The temperature dependence of the EPR linewidth is found to be linear in the various La0.7-xEuxSr0.3MnO3 samples, caused by the presence of conductivity due to small-polaron hopping The peak-to-peak first-derivative EPR linewidths, ΔBpp, of these Eu-doped samples fitted well above the temperature, at which the minimum of ΔBpp occurs, to the expression: ΔBpp (T) = ΔBpp,min + [Formula presented]exp(-Ea/kBT), with the values of the activation energies being Ea = 0.20 eV, 0.17 eV, 0.11 eV, 0.09 eV for x = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, respectively. On the other hand, for the Nd-doped sample, the ΔBpp in Nd0.4La0.3Sr0.3MnO3 decreased monotonically with temperature above TC in accordance with the Curie-Weiss law as ΔBpp (T) = ΔBpp,0 + C/(T-TC). The magnetization measurements were exploited to determine TC for the various samples. The results agreed with those determined by the EPR measurements presented here. In addition, the magnetization data was analyzed to obtain the values of the critical exponents in the phase transition from the paramagnetic to the ferromagnetic state. The critical exponents, as determined for the La0.7-xEuxSr0.3MnO3 sample with x = 0.5, are β = 0.24 ± 0.02, γ = 1.10 ± 0.5, δ = 5.58.