Prognostic capability of preschoolers: Analysis of Russian and foreign studies

Abstract

© 2020, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved. The increased interest of modern psychology in forecasting is explained by a variety of functions it performs in various spheres of life at different age stages. Forecasting is a very important mental action which helps people to mentally foresee a picture of upcoming events, to construct in a subjective form something which yet does not exist in reality. In this review, we discuss the current status of the issue of forecasting at a preschool age, review key terms and theories explaining the development of this skill in children with normogenesis, as well as scientific views on the specifics of the development of forecasting skills in preschoolers with developmental disorders. We have carried out a systematic review of studies exploring forecasting skills of children aged 4-6 years with normotypic and deviating development. A literature search was conducted using E-library, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar electronic databases (from 2000 to the present moment). We used the following search terms: "forecasting", "anticipation", "foresight"; "preschooler"; "deviations in development." We have also conducted the search for lists of scientific publications, reviews, and researchers' websites. Modern studies analyzing the issue of forecasting capability show the lack of terminological uniformity and identity of ideas about the mechanisms, conditions and factors of its development and correlation with positive socialization in dysontogenetic development. Addressing the problem of forecasting allows us to study this issue more carefully and to show that disabled children are capable not only to anticipate events, relationships with other people, but also to plan their future as a whole.