Investigating the epidemiological features of tuberculosis in the Republic of Tatarstan and the Russian Federation

Abstract

© 2020, Advanced Scientific Research. All rights reserved. This study aims to present the results of an epidemiological analysis of the current situation associated with the epidemic process of tuberculosis in the Republic of Tatarstan and the Russian Federation for the period of 2012-2017. This paper provides insights into the incidence among the general population and among children aged 0–14 years, coverage of neonatal tuberculosis with immunization, photoroentgenography examination, and tuberculosis mortality for the period of 2012–2017. The information obtained in the course of the study indicates the relevance of the studied socially significant infectious disease, taking into account the clinical and epidemiological features of this pathology. In this paper, we analyzed data from the state reports of Rospotrebnadzor "On the state of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population of the Russian Federation", the Office of Rospotrebnadzor for the Republic of Tatarstan "On the state of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population of the Republic of Tatarstan", the data forms of federal state statistical observation No. 8 "Information about active tuberculosis diseases” and No. 33 “Information about patients with tuberculosis” for the period of 2012-2017. In this study, the methods of epidemiological analysis and generally accepted methods of variation statistics were used. It was established that a decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis by 28.9% among the total population is registered in the Russian Federation (2012-67.7; 2017-48.09 per 100 thousand of the population, respectively). A similar trend is observed in the Republic of Tatarstan. Thus, during the analyzed period, a decrease in the incidence rate of the infectious disease under study is observed by 28.2% (from 47.1 per 100 thousand of the population in 2012 to 33.79 per 100 thousand of the population in 2017). For the period of 2012-2017, the vaccination coverage of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin remains stable (2012-96%; 2017-95%) in the Russian Federation, the coverage of preventive vaccinations against tuberculosis among the population of the Republic of Tatarstan is at least 95%. During the analyzed period, a favorable sanitary and epidemiological situation for such a socially significant infectious disease as tuberculosis should be characterized as favorable in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan.