Mixed Tb/Dy coordination ladders based on tetra(carboxymethyl)thiacalix[4]arene: A new avenue towards luminescent molecular nanomagnets

Abstract

This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry. The macrocyclic ligand calix[4]arene (L1) and its sulphur-containing analogue thia[4]calixarene (L2) are promising precursors for functional molecular materials as they offer rational functionalization with various organic groups. Here, we present the first example of lanthanide-based coordination polymers built from the macrocyclic thiacalix[4]arene backbone bearing four carboxylic moieties, namely, ligand H4L3. The combination of H4L3 with the Tb3+ and Dy3+ cations led to the formation of 1D ladder-type coordination polymers with the formula [LnIIIHL3DMF3]·(DMF) (where DMF = dimethylformamide and Ln = Tb or Dy, denoted as HL3-Tb and HL3-Dy), which resulted from the coordination of the lanthanide cations with the partially deprotonated ligand HL33- that behaved as a T-shape connector. The coordination sphere around the metal was completed by the coordinated DMF solvent molecules. By combining both Tb3+ and Dy3+ cations, isostructural heterobimetallic solid solutions HL3-Tb1-xDyx were also prepared. HL3-Tb and HL3-Dy showed visible light photoluminescence originating from the f-f electronic transitions of pale green emissive Tb3+ and pale yellow emissive Dy3+ with efficient sensitization by the functionalized thia[4]calixarene ligand HL3. In the HL3-Tb1-xDyx solid solutions, the Tb/Dy ratio governed both the emission colour as well as the emission quantum yield, which reached even 28% at room temperature for HL3-Tb. Moreover, HL3-Dy exhibited a slow magnetic relaxation effect related to the magnetic anisotropy of the dodecahedral Dy3+ complexes, which were well isolated in the crystal lattice by expanded organic spacers.