Thermal regime of unfrozen rivers of the middle reaches of the river Volga

Abstract

© 2020 International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference. All rights reserved. The article analyses geological, climatic, hydrological conditions of formation of the unique thermal regime of the nonfreezing river Ilet and its right tributary Yushoot, located mainly on the territory of the national park Mary Chodra of the republic of Mary El, RF. For a number of years the hydrological character of these rivers, their water and speed rate have been researched, with special attention paid to numerous underground sources of water, their chemical composition and temperature. The flow rate of the springs feeding the river, the temperature of the water in the rivers and the most prolific springs have been measured all year round. The main peculiarity differing the middle Volga and Kama region from other territories is explained by its geological framework. Sub-zero temperatures of the winter period with the average temperature of about -10ºC creates all conditions for stable 30-40sm ice on the overwhelming majority of rivers of the middle Volga region. Nevertheless, the peculiarity of geological structure, stratification, hydrogeological conditions shape unique hydrological regime of the rivers in-question, with positive temperatures of water in winter and absence of ice cover.