Ecological and legal regulation of genomic research: Statement of the problem

Abstract

© 2019, Dorma Journals. All rights reserved. Based on the analysis of the work of Russian and foreign lawyers, geneticists, biochemists, biotechnologists, bioecologists, molecular biologists, and microbiologists, the article studies the environmental and legal regulation of genomic research in the Russian Federation. It has been shown that a large number of works deal with the environmental and legal problems of genomic research abroad, however, with regard to Russian legislation, relevant studies are extremely few. It was revealed that in Russia in the field of environmental protection, ensuring human environmental safety and rational nature management, the legal regulation of genomic research is limited only by the legal regime of biotechnologies in general and the legal provision of genetic engineering in particular. At the legislative level, social relations are recommended to be recognized as homogeneous according to the genetic and genomic versions of genetics and genomics. A broad understanding of genomic research is defined, consisting of two groups of social relations: (1) directly genomic research-structural genomics, genomic analysis, functional genomics (proteomes and transcripts), genomic polymorphism, mapping and sequencing of genomes, etc.; (2) activities related to genomic research-genetic research, biotechnology, genetic engineering, experimental mutagenesis, genomic selection, etc.). The question is raised about the need to develop differentiated environmental and legal regulation of heterogeneous social relations in genomic research, depending on targeted or non-targeted changes in the genome. The proposed classification is important in terms of applying various environmental and legal means of environmental protection for the selected groups of public relations on genomic research.