Fuel - bitumen option of processing of natural bitumens and high-viscous oils

Abstract

© 2019, Institute of Advanced Scientific Research, Inc.. All rights reserved. Natural bitumens are, to varying degrees, oxidized, highly viscous, liquid, semi-liquid, and solid oils with a high content of sulfur, oils, resins, and asphaltenes. Unlike oil, they have a higher content of vanadium, nickel, molybdenum and a significantly lower content of gasoline and diesel fractions. Due to its specific properties-strength, thermoplasticity, waterproofness, resistance to atmospheric agents and aggressive environments, poor conductivity of electricity, heat, etc., natural bitumen, as well as artificial bitumen, can be used as anti-corrosion coatings, electrical insulation materials, protection against radioactive radiation, the creation of asphalt barriers to retain moisture in soils, etc. Subject to the foregoing, it is advisable to use tars of heavy oils of a naphthenoaromatic base with a low content of n-paraffins, mainly up to 2% wt., as a raw material for the production of bitumen. This is because the dispersed structure of bitumen significantly depends on the content of n-paraffins since at certain temperatures the dispersed phase in oils is formed by naphthenic and paraffin-naphthenic aromatic hydrocarbons with side chains of the paraffin series. When their content exceeds 3% wt. a crystallization framework of paraffin forms, imparting rigidity to the system and reducing the ductility interval. In this regard, the expansion of the raw material base of bitumen production through the involvement of high-viscosity oils and natural bitumen (HVO and NB) confirms the relevance of the research topic.To assess the potential of HVO and NB, as well as simple oils, it is necessary to conduct thorough studies to determine the curves of the dependence of the true temperature curve (TTC), density, sulfur content, low-temperature and viscosity properties, fractional and hydrocarbon compositions.