Methods of assessing the health impacts of chemicals ingested with drinking water

Abstract

© 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd. Assessment of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of per oral intake of chemicals with drinking water for children aged 3-6 year sold living in 4 districts (zones) of the city of Kazan was carried out. A quantitative characteristic of risk was performed with application of regional exposure factors (REF) at the median level (Me) and the 95-thpercentile (95P). Analysis of the risk data showed that only 5 substances (magnesium, nitrates (in NO3), fluorides, oil products, and chloroform) made from 62.5% to 89.8% of contribution to total risk value in all zones. General toxic effects for critical organs and systems were due to oil products (from 29 to 54.7%) in the 2nd and the 4th zones, chloroform (from 10 to 30.6%) and nitrates (from 12.8 to 35.9%) in all zones, magnesium (up to 11.2%) in the 3rd zone, and fluorides (from 13.7 to 14.3%) in the 1st and the 3rd zones. The unacceptable risk level (HIMe = 11.8 and 9.9; HI95-th Perc = 14.8 and 12.5) was identified in the 2nd and the 4th zones with a mixed type of water in the utility and drinking water supply. The ingestion of chemicals with drinking water in different zones of the city of Kazan indicates an alarming and high level of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks for the child population health.