The peculiarity of small lakes formation in the urban territory of Kazan, Russia

Abstract

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. An analysis was made for the origin of 190 small lakes in the territory of Kazan, Russia. The obtained data made it possible to identify the main mechanisms for the formation of small lakes. Eight factors determining the formation of lakes were identified: seven natural factors and human impact. The natural factors of lakes formation are precipitation, air temperature fluctuations, wind influence, mineral composition, water runoff influence, groundwater, water currents and waves. These factors are responsible for five processes: human activity, fluvial, suffusion, karst erosion, and aeolian processes. These processes through seven mechanisms form different types of lake origin in the territory of Kazan.