The negative evaluative component within the semantic structure of behaviour verbs in Russian, English and Tatar languages

Abstract

The article deals with the lexical-semantic group of verbs which describe human behavior using the material of three languages (Russian, English and Tatar) with different structure. The situation "human behavior" implies the existence of a behavior subject, a committed action and a behavior object in respect of which an action takes place. The situation also has an observer who evaluates this action. An observer's evaluation is the main characteristic of the studied group of verbs which distinguishes them from other lexicalsemantic groups. Evaluation is considered as the opinion about a subject, expressing its characteristics in terms of value category. At that the estimation within the meaning of a behavior verb is mainly negative. A negative estimation can be expressed explicitly and implicitly. The deviation from the normal existence undergoes a negative qualification and is perceived as a wrong, a reprehensible behavior. Such human qualities as dishonesty, insincerity, irresponsibility, unnatural behavior, etc. are condemned in these verbs. The violation of standards and norms of behavior causes the most severe emotional, verbal and cogitative reactions among the representatives of different cultures. These reactions are reflected in the semantics of the studied verbs.