Word-formative and semantic characteristics of the derived verbs of moving off/away in the russian, german and tatar languages: The comparative aspect

Abstract

The object of the research is the derived verbs of motion in the Russian and German languages, formed by the prefixes of the space-directed semantics and their equivalents in the Tatar language, forming a type of word-building with the meaning "moving off/away from special reference point". In the considered languages the formative means constructed on antonymous relations and creating due to their efficiency the whole network of various relations are used for expressions of particular semes, which are concerned with the shift fields of the subject or the object in the space and which specify separate local points. Integral and differential semes, explicating specific semantic features in each language are marked in the process of comparison; general word-formation ties, lexical and word-building gaps are revealed; the compatibility of the derived verbs of motion with prepositional-case constructions is traced. It is established that this fragment of reality is reflected in detail in the German culture, and the selected differential semes indicate a more specific perception of German native categories of space-time. The greatest explication of start and end points move by prepositional-case structures can be observed in the Russian and Tatar languages. Semantic and word-formation correlation of the derived verbs of motion in languages of different structures is traced on the examples of the texts from literature.