Tuning the non-covalent confinement of Gd(III) complexes in silica nanoparticles for high T<inf>1</inf>-weighted MR imaging capability

Abstract

© 2016 Elsevier B.V.The present work introduces deliberate synthesis of Gd(III)-doped silica nanoparticles with high relaxivity at magnetic field strengths below 1.5 T. Modified microemulsion water-in-oil procedure was used in order to achieve superficial localization of Gd(III) complexes within 40–55 nm sized silica spheres. The relaxivities of the prepared nanoparticles were measured at 0.47, 1.41 and 1.5 T with the use of both NMR analyzer and whole body NMR scanner. Longitudinal relaxivities of the obtained silica nanoparticles reveal significant dependence on the confinement mode, changing from 4.1 to 49.6 mM−1 s−1 at 0.47 T when the localization of Gd(III) complexes changes from core to superficial zones of the silica spheres. The results highlight predominant contribution of the complexes located close to silica/water interface to the relaxivity of the nanoparticles. Low effect of blood proteins on the relaxivity in the aqueous colloids of the nanoparticles was exemplified by serum bovine albumin. T1- weighted MRI data indicate that the nanoparticles provide strong positive contrast at 1.5 T, which along with low cytotoxicity effect make a good basis for their application as contrast agents.