Expressive substantives describing a person in Russian dialects of the Republic Of Tatarstan

Abstract

The article investigates the expressive substantives which are used in the Russian dialects of the Republic of Tatarstan. It attempts to describe the linguistic expressive units, characterizing a person on the basis of their semantic structure, the derivational and stylistic features. The expressiveness is one of the most complex linguistic categories, as it is related with the manifestation of a subjective origin in a language accompanying the knowledge of an objective reality and reflecting the content of an individual native speaker consciousness. The article proposes the classification of substantives denoting various characteristics of a person, in the language of the Volga-Kama region dialect carriers. The contextological analysis was used as the main research method which was combined with the analysis of the described words lexical interpretations. The paper proposes the classification of expressive substantives depending on lexical semantics, in particular, the following groups are revealed: intellectual properties, the traits and characteristics of a human temperament, the moral and ethical characteristics, the physical and physiological characteristics, the characteristics of a person external appearance, the common characteristics, expressing a negative attitude to a person. The class of expressive units, "describing" a moral and an ethical aspect of a man, the group of substantives is considered forming a speech etiquette of Russian dialects in the Republic of Tatarstan. The language of the Volga-Kama region dialect carriers is dominated by the names with a pejorative connotation compared with the substantive expressive means expressing a meliorative estimation. The lexical layer of Russian dialects moral and ethical content is filled with emotionality, appraisal, expression. It reflects the worldview of a dialect carrier of the Republic of Tatarstan.