Economy of the golden horde population

Abstract

The settled regions of the Golden Horde had a well-developed agriculture. The main crop was millet, followed by rye, wheat, barley, oat, and peas. Hunting was mainly for furs and had little importance as a source of meat in comparison with livestock, which was popular not only among nomads but was also exported to India, Persia, and European countries. Fishing was also well developed and the products were exported abroad. Sturgeon and white sturgeon were an especially important food item. Among trades, salt extraction, honey, and the gathering of grasses and roots should be mentioned. Ulus Jöchi had crafts that were well developed for the period in question. The Golden Horde Volga region had very wide trade relations: Rus, Western and Central Europe, the Black Sea region, the Mediterranean, the Near and Middle East, Central Asia, India, China, and Korea. © 2010 M.E. Sharpe, Inc. All rights reserved.